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PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS

Rezaeian, S., Stewart, J.P., Luco, N., Goulet, C.A. (2023). Findings from a Decade of Ground Motion Simulation Validation Research and a Path Forward, Earthq. Spectra, Earthq. Spectra, (submitted).

Lavrentiadis, G., Wang, Y., Abrahamson, N.A., Bozorgnia, Y., and Goulet, C.A. (2023). A Seismologically Consistent Surface Rupture Length Model for Unbounded and Width-Limited Events. Earthq. Spectra, (in review).

Meng, X., Goulet, C.A., Milner, K.R., Graves, R.W., and Callaghan, S. (2023). Comparison of Nonergodic Ground Motion Components from CyberShake and NGA-West2 Datasets in California. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220049

Meng, X., and Goulet, C.A., (2022). Lessons Learned from Applying the Non-Ergodic Varying Coefficient Model Technique to Controlled Simulation Datasets. Bull. Earthq. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01512-x

Lavrentiadis, G., Abrahamson, N.A, Kuehn, M.N., Bozorgnia, Y, Goulet, C.A., Babic, A., Dolsek, M., Gregor, N., Kottke, A.R., Lacour, M., Liu, C., Macedo, J., Meng, X., Phung, V.-B., Sung, C.-H., and Walling, M. (2022). Overview and Introduction to Development of Non-Ergodic Earthquake Ground-Motion Models. Bull. Earthq. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01485-x

Donnellan, A., Garcia-Suarez, J., McPhillips, D., Asimaki, D, Goulet, C.A., Meng, X., Devine, S., and Lyzenga, G., (2022). Toppling of a Trona Pinnacles Spire following the Mw 5.5 Ridgecrest Aftershock of June 2020, Seismol. Res. Lett., 93, 1768–1776. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210275

Nweke, C.C., Stewart, J.P., Graves, R.W., Goulet, C.A., and Brandenberg, S.J. (2022). Validating Predicted Site Response in Sedimentary Basins from 3D Ground Motion Simulations. Earthq. Spectra, 38(3):2135-2161. https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211073159

O’Reilly, O., Yeh, T.-Y., Olsen, K.B., Hu, Z., Breuer, A., Roten, D., and Goulet, C.A. (2021). A High‐Order Finite‐Difference Method on Staggered Curvilinear Grids for Seismic Wave Propagation Applications with Topography. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 112(1): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210096

Goulet, C.A., Wang, Y., Nweke, C., Tang, B., Wang, P., Hudson, K. S., Ahdi, S. K., Meng, X., Hudson, M. B., Donnellan, A., Lyzenga, G. A., Brandenberg, S. J., Gallien, T., and Winters, M. A. (2021). Comparison of Near-Fault Displacement Interpretations from Field and Aerial Data for the M 6.4 and M 7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence Ruptures. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 111(5):2317–2333. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200222

Wang, Y., and Goulet, C.A. (2021). Validation of fault displacements from dynamic rupture simulations against the observations from the 1992 Landers earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 111(5):2475–2594. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210082

Goulet, C.A, Bozorgnia, Y., Kuehn, N., Al Atik, L., Youngs, R.R., Graves, R.W. and Atkinson G.M. (2021). NGA-East Ground-Motion Characterization Model Part I: Summary of Products and Model Development. Earthq. Spectra, 37(S1): 1231–1282. https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211018723

Youngs, R.R., Goulet, C.A, Bozorgnia, Y., Kuehn, N., Al Atik, L., Graves, R.W. and Atkinson G.M. (2021). NGA-East Ground-Motion Characterization Model Part II: Implementation and Hazard Implications. Earth. Spectra, 37(S1):1283–1330. https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211007503

Goulet, C.A., T. Kishida, T.D. Ancheta, C.H. Cramer, R.B. Darragh, W.J. Silva, Y.M.A Hashash, J. Harmon, G. A. Parker, J.P. Stewart, and R.R. Youngs. (2021). PEER NGA-East Database. Earth. Spectra, 37(S1):1331–1353. https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211015695

Kottke A., Abrahamson, N.A., Boore, D.M, Bozorgnia, Y., Goulet, C.A., Hollenback, J., Kishida, T., Der Kiureghian, A., Ktenidou, O.J., Kuehn, N., Rathje, E.M., Silva, W.J., Thompson, E., Wang, X. (2021). Selection of Random Vibration Theory Procedures for the NGA East Project and Ground Motion Modeling. Earthq. Spectra, 37(S1):1420–1439. https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211019052

Milner, K. R., Shaw, B. E., Goulet, C. A., Richards-Dinger, K. B., Callaghan, S., Jordan, T. H., Dieterich, J. H., and Field, E. H. (2021). A Prototype Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Model for California Constructed with Fully-Deterministic Physical Models. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 111(2):898–915. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200216

Baker, J. W., Rezaeian, S., Goulet, C. A., Luco, N., & Teng, G. (2021). A Subset of CyberShake Ground Motion Time Series for Response History Analysis. Earthq. Spectra, 37(2):1162-1176. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020981970

Zimmaro, Paolo, Chukwuebuka C. Nweke, Janis L. Hernandez, Kenneth S. Hudson, Martin B. Hudson, Sean K. Ahdi, Matthew L. Boggs, Craig A. Davis, Christine A. Goulet, Scott J. Brandenberg, Kenneth W. Hudnut, and Jonathan P. Stewart. (2020). Liquefaction and Related Ground Failure from July 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 110(4):1549–1566. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200025

Stirling, M.W., Oskin, M.E. Arrowsmith, J.R., Rood, A.H., Goulet, C.A. Grant Ludwig, L., King, T.R., Kottke, A., Lozos, J.C., Madugo, C.M., McPhillips, D. Rood, D.H., Sleep, N.H., Wittich, C.E. (2020) Evaluation of Seismic Hazard Models with Fragile Geologic Features. Seismol. Res. Lett., 92 (1): 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200197.

Brandenberg, S.J., Stewart, J.P., Wang, P., Nweke, C.C., Hudson, K., Goulet, C.A., Meng, X., Davis, C.A.,Ahdi, Hudson, M.B., Donnellan, A., Lyzenga, G., Pierce, M., Wang, J., Winters, M.A., Delisle, M.-P., Lucey, J., Kim, Y., Gallien, T.W., Lyda, A., Yeung, J.S., Issa, O. Buckreis, T., and Yi, Z. (2020). Ground Deformation Data from GEER Investigations of Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence. Seismol. Res. Lett., 91(4):2024–2034. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190291

Donnellan, A., G. Lyzenga, A. Ansar, C. A. Goulet, J. Wang, and Pierce, M. (2020). Targeted High-Resolution Structure from Motion Observations over the Mw 6.4 and 7.1 Ruptures of the Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence, Seismol. Res. Lett., 91(4), 2087–2095. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190274

Hudnut, K.W., Brooks, B.A., Scharer, K., Hernandez, J.L., Dawson, T.E., Oskin, M.E., Arrowsmith, J.R., Goulet, C.A., Blake, K., Boggs, M.L., Bork, S., Glennie, C.L., Fernandez-Diaz, J.C., Singhania, A., Hauser, D., and Sorhus, S. (2020). Airborne Lidar and Electro-Optical Imagery along Surface Ruptures of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence, Southern California. Seismol. Res. Lett., 91(4), 2096-2107. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190338

Goulet, C. A., Anenberg, S. C., Dutton, A, Swain, D. L. and van der Plujm, B. (2019). Toward a Resilient Global Society: Air, Sea Level, Earthquakes, and Weather. Earth's Future, 7, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001242

Stewart, J. P., Afshari, K., and Goulet, C. A. (2017). Non-Ergodic Site Response in Seismic Hazard Analysis. Earthq. Spectra, 33(4):1385–1414. https://doi.org/10.1193/081716EQS135M

Small, P., Gill, D. M., Maechling, P. J., Taborda, R., Callaghan, S., Jordan, T. H., Olsen, K.B., Ely, G.P., Goulet, C. A. (2017). The SCEC unified community velocity model software framework. Seismol. Res. Lett., 88(6), 1539–1552. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170082

Dawood, H. M., Rodriguez-marek, A., Bayless, J., Goulet, C. A., and Thompson, E. M. (2016). A flatfile for the KiK-net database processed using an automated protocol. Earthq. Spectra, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.1193/071214EQS106

Lamontagne, M., Flynn, B., and Goulet, C. A. (2016). Facing the communication challenges during an earthquake swarm period. Seismol. Res. Lett., 87(6). https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160036

Dreger, D. S., Beroza, G. C., Day, S. M., Goulet, C. A., Jordan, T. H., Spudich, P. A., and Stewart, J. P. (2014). Validation of the SCEC Broadband Platform V14.3 Simulation Methods Using Pseudospectral Acceleration Data. Seismol. Res. Lett., 86(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140118

Goulet, C. A., Abrahamson, N. A., Somerville, P. G., and Wooddell, K. E. (2014). The SCEC broadband platform validation exercise: Methodology for code validation in the context of seismic-hazard analyses. Seismol. Res. Lett., 86(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140104

Boore, D. M., and Goulet, C. A. (2013). The effect of sampling rate and anti-aliasing filters on high-frequency response spectra. Bull. Earthq. Eng., 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9574-9

Anagnos, T., Comerio, M. C., Goulet, C. A., May, P. J., Greene, M., and David, L. (2012). Developing Regional Building Inventories : Lessons from the Field. Earthq. Spectra, 28(4), 1305–1329. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000087

Goulet, C. A., and Stewart, J. P. (2009). Pitfalls of deterministic application of nonlinear site factors in probabilistic assessment of ground motions. Earthq. Spectra, 25(3), 541–555. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3159006

Goulet, C. A., Haselton, C. B., Mitrani-Reiser, J., Beck, J. L., Deierlein, G. G., Porter, K. A., and Stewart, J. P. (2007). Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building - From seismic hazard to collapse safety and economic losses. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 36(13). https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.694

Stewart, J. P., and Goulet, C. A. (2006). Comment on “Nonlinear soil-site effects in probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis” by Paolo Bazzurro and C. Allin Cornell. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 96(2). https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050147

Communicating Science column, Seismological Research Letter

Lamontagne, M., and Goulet, C. A. (2018). Using the media epicenter to talk about the seismological epicenter. Seismol. Res. Lett., 89(1), 210–211. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170244

Goulet, C. A., and Lamontagne, M. (2018). To Reach a Wider Audience, Simplify Your Science. Seismol. Res. Lett., 89(2), 2018. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180003

Lamontagne, M., and Goulet, C. A. (2018). Not Everyone Likes to Hear You Say, “Earthquakes Are Fun.” Seismol. Res. Lett., 89(4), 1537–1538. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180152

Lamontagne, M., and Goulet, C. A. (2018). Earthquake Myths and False Information: How to Respond While Avoiding a Mud Fight. Seismol. Res. Lett., 89(6), 2411–2412. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180258

PEER-REVIEWED conference papers

Lavrentiadis, G., Seylabi, E., Kuehn, N.M., Meng, X., Kokktke, A., Bozorgnia, Y., and Goulet, C.A., (2023) Development and Verification of Non-ergodic Ground-Motion Methodologies and Modeling Tools, GeoConregss 2023, (submitted).

Goulet, C.A., Abrahamson, N.A., Al Atik, L., Atkinson, G.M., Bozorgnia, Y., Graves, R.W., Kuehn, N., Youngs, R.R. (2018). NGA-East: a ground motion characterization model for Central and Eastern North America. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering (11NCEE), June 25-29, Los Angeles, CA. Paper #1871. Retrieved from https://11ncee.org/program.

Silva, F., Maechling, P. J., Milner, K. R., Goulet, C. A., Somerville, P. G., and Jordan, T. H. (2018). Using the SCEC Broadband Platform for Strong Ground Motion Simulation and Validation. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. Paper #1864. Retrieved from https://11ncee.org/program.

Jordan, T. H., Callaghan, S., Graves, R. W., Wang, F., Milner, K. R., Goulet, C. A., Maechling, P. J., Olsen, K. B., Cui, Y., Juve, G., Vahi, K., Yu, J., Deelman, E., and Gill, D. (2018). Cybershake Models of Seismic Hazards in Southern and Central California. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. Paper #1458. Retrieved from https://11ncee.org/program.

Taborda, R., Olsen, K. B., Graves, R. W., Silva, F., Khoshnevis, N., Savran, W. H., Roten, D., Shi, Z., Goulet, C. A., Bielak, J., Maechling, P. J., Cui, Y., and Jordan, T. H. (2018). High-Frequency Simulations: Verification and Validation of the M5.1 La Habra, CA, Earthquake. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. Paper #1869. Retrieved from https://11ncee.org/program.

Crouse, C. B., Jordan, T. H., Milner, K. R., Goulet, C. A., Callaghan, S., and Graves, R. W. (2018). Site-Specific MCER Response Spectra for Los Angeles Region based on 3-D Numerical Simulations and the NGA West2 Equations. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. Paper #578. Retrieved from https://11ncee.org/program.

Maechling, P. J., Gill, D., Taborda, R., Shaw, J., Plesh, A., Olsen, K. B., … Goulet, C. A. (2018). the SCEC UCVM Software Framework for Distributing and Querying Seismic Velocity Models. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. Paper #398. Retrieved from https://11ncee.org/program.

Moschetti, M. P., Chang, S., Crouse, C. B., Frankel, A., Graves, R. W., Puangnak, H., … Milner, K. R. (2018). The Science , Engineering Applications , and Policy Implications of Simulation- Based PSHA. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. Paper #939. Retrieved from https://11ncee.org/program.

Hashash, Y. M. A., Harmon, J. A., Ilhan, O., Stewart, J. P., Rathje, E. M., Campbell, K. W., … Goulet, C. A. (2018). Modelling of Site Amplification via Large Scale Nonlinear Simulations with Applications to North America, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V (GEESD V), 523–537. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784481462.051

Anagnos, T., Comerio, M. C., Goulet, C. A., Steele, J., and Stewart, J. P. (2010). Development of a concrete building inventory: Los Angeles case study for the analysis of collapse risk. 9th US National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2010, Including Papers from the 4th International Tsunami Symposium.

Graf, W. P., Lee, Y., and Goulet, C. A. (2010). n-Spectra, a new IM for improved structural response assessment. Proceedings of the 19th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference. https://doi.org/10.1061/41131(370)9

Anagnos, T., Comerio, M. C., Goulet, C. A., and Na, H. (2008). Los Angeles inventory of nonductile concrete buildings for analysis of seismic collapse risk hazards. 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.

Goulet, C. A., Watson-Lamprey, J. A., Baker, J. W., Haselton, C. B., and Luco, N. (2008). Assessment of ground motion selection and modification (GMSM) methods for non-linear dynamic analyses of structures. Geotechnical Special Publication, (181). https://doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)3

Haselton, C. B., Baker, J. W., Goulet, C. A., Watson-Lamprey, J., and Zareian, F. (2008). The Importance of Considering Spectral Shape When Evaluating Building Seismic Performance Under Extreme Ground Motions. In SEAOC 2008 Convention Proceedings. Retrieved from ResearchGate.

Goulet, C. A., and Stewart, J. P. (2007). Probabilistic versus Deterministic Implementation of Nonlinear Site Factors in Seismic Hazard Analysis. ANCER, (Figure 1), 1–8.

Goulet, C. A., Stewart, J. P., Bazzurro, P., and Field, E. H. (2007). Integration of Site-Specific Ground Response Analysis Into Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses. 4th International Conference on Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering.

Goulet, C. A., Haselton, C. B., Mitrani-Reiser, J., Stewart, J. P., Taciroglu, E., and Deierlein, G. G. (2006). Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building - Part I: Ground motion selection and structural collapse simulation. 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006, 8.

Mitrani-Reiser, J., Haselton, C. B., Goulet, C. A., Porter, K. A., Beck, J. L., and Deierlein, G. G. (2006). Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building - Part II: Loss estimation. 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006, 8. Retrieved from ResearchGate.

Stewart, J.P., Goulet, C. A., Bazzurro, P., and Claassen, R. (2006). Implementation of 1D ground response analysis in probabilistic assessments of ground shaking potential. GeoCongress 2006 – Geotechnical Engineering in the Information Technology Age, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1061/40803(187)136

Stewart, J. P., Goulet, C. A., Bazzurro, P., and Pelli, F. (2006). Implementation of 1D ground response analysis in probabilistic assessments of ground shaking potential. ESG 2006: Third International Symposium on the Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, 2006.

Technical Reports

Lavrentiadis, G., Kuehn, N., Bozorgnia, Y., Seylabi, E., Meng, X., Goulet, C., and Kottke, A. (2022). Non-ergodic Methodology and Modeling Tools, B. John Garrick Institute for the Risk Sciences, Report GIRS-2022-04, https://doi.org/10.34948/N35P4Z

Aagaard, B.T., Graymer, R.W., Thurber, C.H., Rodgers, A.J., Taira, T., Catchings, R.D., Goulet, C.A., and Plesch, A. (2020). Science plan for improving three-dimensional seismic velocity models in the San Francisco Bay region, 2019–24: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1019, 37 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201019

Goulet, C.A, Bozorgnia, Y., Abrahamson, N.A., Kuehn, N., Al Atik, L., Youngs, R.R., Graves, R.W. and Atkinson G.M. (2018). “Central and Eastern North America Ground-Motion Characterization, NGA-East Final Report.” PEER Report No. 2018/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Kottke A., Abrahamson, N.A., Boore, D.M, Bozorgnia, Y., Goulet, C.A., Hollenback, J., Kishida, T., Der Kiureghian, A., Ktenidou, O.J., Kuehn, N., Rathje, E.M., Silva, W.J., Thompson, E., Wang, X. (2018). Selection of Random Vibration Procedures for the NGA-East Project, PEER Report No. 2018/05, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Goulet, C.A, Bozorgnia, Y., Kuehn, N., Al Atik, L., Youngs, R.R., Graves, R.W. and Atkinson G.M. (2017). “NGA-East ground-motion nodels for the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Maps.” PEER Report No. 2017/03, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Goulet, C.A. and others (2015) “NGA-East: Adjustments to Median Ground-Motion Models for Central and Eastern North America”, Chapters 1 and 3, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Technical Report 2015/08, University of California, Berkeley, California, 129p. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Goulet, C.A. and others (2015) “NGA-East: Median Ground Motion Models for the Central and Eastern North America Region”, Chapters 1 and 11, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Technical Report 2015/04, University of California, Berkeley, California, 345p. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Goulet, C.A., Kishida, T., Ancheta, T.D., Cramer, C.H., Darragh, R.B, Silva, W.J., Hashash, Y.M.A., Harmon, J., Stewart, J.P., Wooddell, K.E., and R.R. Youngs (2014) “PEER NGA-East Database”, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Technical Report 2014/17, University of California, Berkeley, California, 124p. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Goulet, C.A. and Bayless, J.R. (2012). “Reference site standard deviation for integration of site effects into ground motion prediction equations and seismic hazard analyses. ” Final Technical Report for U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) External Research Program Award G10AP00036.

Goulet, C.A., Haselton, C.B. and Bayless, J.R. (2011). “Building response simulations using SCEC simulated ground motions.” Final Technical Report for the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), Los Angeles, CA.

Goulet, C.A., Stewart, J.P. and Mikami, A. (2011). “Earthquake Record Interpretation and Soil-Foundation Structure Interaction Effects for the Atwood and Factor Buildings.” Final Report for the California Geological Survey, Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (SMIP) Data Interpretation Project, Agreement No. 1008-920, 57p. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Haselton, C.B., Baker, J.W., Bozorgnia, Y., Goulet, C.A., Kalkan, E., Luco, N., Shantz, T., Shome, N., Stewart, J.P., Tothong, P., Watson-Lamprey, J., and Zareian, F. (2009). “Evaluation of Ground Motion Selection and Modification Methods: Predicting Median Interstory Drift Response of Buildings." Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Technical Report 2009/01, Berkeley, California, 288p. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Haselton, C.B., Goulet, C.A., Mitrani-Reiser, J., Beck, J., Deierlein, G.G., Porter, K.A., Stewart, J. P.. and Taciroglu, E. (2008) “An Assessment to Benchmark the Seismic Performance of a Code-Conforming Reinforced-Concrete Moment-Frame Building.” Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Technical Report 2007/12, University of California, Berkeley, California, 382p. Retrieved from PEER Reports.

Bazzurro, P., Pelli, F., Stewart, J.P., Goulet, C. (2007) “Development of a database of nonlinear ground motion amplification functions for soil deposits of various NEHRP soil categories.” Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) report, Los Angeles, California.

Locat, J. and Goulet, C. (1996) “Kansai Clay: Preliminary Report on Physico-Chemistry and Mineralogy.” Groupe de Recherche en Environnement et en Géo-Ingénierie, GREGI Report 96-10. Québec, Canada.